| Abstract |
An excellent Abstract – it covers all the important aspects clearly and succinctly. |
You give a good summary of the study in the Abstract. You could work on making it more polished. |
You give a reasonable summary of the study in the Abstract, but some parts could be better expressed.
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The Abstract provides a vague or unclear summary. You need to say much more clearly what you did, why you did it, what you expected to find, what you found, what it means.
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The Abstract provides a vague or unclear summary. You need to say much more clearly what you did, why you did it, what you expected to find, what you found, what it means.
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The abstract is very vague, incomplete, or inaccurate, and fails to summarise the study in a meaningful way. Key components, the purpose of the study, the methodology, expected outcomes, findings, and their implications, are missing or unclear, meaning the reader cannot understand what was undertaken or why.
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| Introduction |
An excellent Introduction showing clarity of argument and critical analysis. Rationale is explained very well, and the link between previous and current study is very clearly presented. Research question is clearly stated |
The Introduction is generally accurate, well researched and relevant showing the topic has been understood. To improve you need more of a critique or look into some of the background in greater depth. |
The Introduction is generally fine and there is evidence that the topic has been understood. Make sure there are no irrelevant parts and try to include greater critical analysis of the material. Include clear rationale and research.
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Presents a basic overview of the background with no real critical analysis. You need to link past research and theory to the current study so the rationale and research question are clear. |
A basic overview of the background is presented; however, this is largely descriptive and lacks critical analysis. Links between past research, theory, and the current study are limited or underdeveloped, resulting in an unclear or weakly justified rationale and research question.
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The background is minimal, unclear, or inaccurate, with little or no critical analysis. Past research and theory are not effectively linked to the current study, meaning that the rationale and research question are absent, confused, or unsupported.
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| Methods |
Excellent Method section. Information is clear, accurate, and appropriate leaving no gaps about how the study was conducted. Clear and succinct. Reflexivity used to an excellent level. |
Generally good Method section: it is clear and with appropriate content to all the sections. More clarity and detail are needed on specific methodological aspects. Reflexivity used to a reasonably good level. |
The Method covers the main areas adequately. More detail is needed in some parts to make it more understandable. Reflexivity contained errors.
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Some information on the methods of the study is provided, but most questions about how the study was conducted remain unclear. |
Some information about the study’s methods is provided; however, this is limited, unclear, or incomplete, and key aspects of how the study was conducted remain insufficiently explained. Important methodological details (e.g. design, participants, procedure, or data collection) are underdeveloped, making it difficult to fully understand or evaluate the study.
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There is little or no meaningful description of the study’s methods, and how the research was conducted remains largely unclear. Essential methodological information is missing, inaccurate, or confused, demonstrating very limited understanding of research methods and preventing evaluation of the study.
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| Results |
An excellent Results section covering all the main criteria well and succinctly. |
A good Results section. Some parts may need some tidying to improve the grade. |
The Results section covers the basic information with some glitches. See the comments for more details on how to improve.
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Some data analysis strategy is outlined and findings presented but provided information and/or appropriateness of analytic strategy are limited.
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A data analysis strategy is briefly outlined, and some findings are presented; however, the description is limited in detail and clarity, and the appropriateness of the analytic approach is insufficiently justified. Key stages of analysis are underdeveloped or unclear, making it difficult to understand how findings were generated from the data.
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There is little or no clear data analysis strategy outlined, and findings are poorly presented, unclear, or absent. The analytic approach is inappropriate, incorrectly applied, or not explained, with minimal evidence of understanding of how data should be analysed. As a result, it is not possible to determine how the findings were derived from the data.
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| Discussion |
Findings are very well summarised in Discussion and very thoroughly interpreted drawing competently on current knowledge in the field and fully considering the limitations. |
Findings are well summarised and linked with previous literature. Study limitations well considered. However, some minor gaps appear in how current findings are linked with major concepts.
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Discussion summarises main findings linking them with previous studies, but interpretation of findings is not very sophisticated and study limitations are not fully considered.
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Some findings are mentioned, and a basic attempt is made to explain them and/or link them with the relevant literature.
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Some findings are identified, and there is a limited attempt to explain them and relate them to relevant literature. However, these links are underdeveloped, superficial, or unclear, and the discussion lacks sufficient depth and critical engagement. Connections between the findings and existing research are inconsistent, reducing the overall coherence and analytical quality of this section.
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Findings are largely unclear, poorly described, or missing, with little or no meaningful attempt to explain them or link them to relevant literature. Where literature is mentioned, it is inaccurate, irrelevant, or disconnected from the findings. The discussion lacks analytical content and does not demonstrate understanding of how findings should be interpreted in relation to existing research.
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| Citations, Referencing & English Expression |
You have used a range of relevant evidence and your referencing and citations excellently reflect this. Your English expression is excellent. |
Your referencing and citations are generally good with few errors, although only minor. You demonstrate a range of background reading. English expression is generally good with only a few glitches. |
Your referencing and citations are generally fine but there are areas for improvement. Your English expression is satisfactory but there are some errors or clumsy expressions here and there. Could be improved by better proof-reading and editing.
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Your APA referencing and/or citations need improving. You need to work on aspects of English expression. Make sure you check spellings, punctuation, grammar and argument structure (e.g. paragraphing). You could seek help from the Professional and Academic Development Team to help improve. |
Your APA referencing and in-text citations require improvement, with some inconsistencies and errors evident. While the intended meaning is generally understandable, aspects of English expression need further development, particularly in relation to sentence structure, clarity, paragraph, spelling, punctuation, and grammar, which at times affect the flow of the work. With more careful proofreading these issues are addressable. You are encouraged to seek support from the Professional and Academic Development Team to help strengthen your academic writing and referencing skills.
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APA referencing and citation practices are largely inaccurate or absent, and do not meet basic academic standards. There are significant weaknesses in English expression, including frequent errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, and sentence construction, which substantially impede clarity and coherence. Paragraphing and argument structure are poor or unclear, making the work difficult to follow. Substantial improvement in academic writing and referencing is required. It is strongly recommended that you seek support from the Professional and Academic Development Team before attempting to resubmit this work.
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